Surgery is a medical specialty that uses manual and/or instrumental techniques to physically reach into a subject’s body in order to investigate or treat pathological conditions such as a disease or injury, to alter bodily functions, to improve appearance, or to remove/replace unwanted tissues or foreign bodies.

The purpose of surgery varies, but it may be recommended for making or confirming a diagnosis, removing damaged tissue or an obstruction, repairing or repositioning tissues or organs, implanting devices, redirecting blood vessels, or transplanting tissues or organs. Some people opt for surgery for cosmetic reasons. 

Learning that you need surgery can be a confusing and intimidating prospect, and you may have many questions. It can be helpful to understand basic surgical terminology.